PREGLED AKADEMIJA INŽENJERSKIH NAUKA U EVROPSKIM ZEMLJAMA
HRVATSKA
Kratka povijest
Hrvatska akademija tehničkih znanosti osnovana je 19. siječnja 1993. godine i upisana u registar Ministarstva pravosuđa i uprave RH 25. siječnja 1993. godine. Hrvatska akademija tehničkih znanosti mijenja 1997. godine naziv u Akademija tehničkih znanosti Hrvatske kao posljedica Zakona o HAZU i odluke Sabora Republike Hrvatske od 27. lipnja 1997. Nakon godina rada u iznajmljenim (posuđenim) prostorima od 2004. godine Akademija djeluje u novouređenoj zgradi u Kačićevoj 28.
Godine 2009. Akademiji je priznat status znanstvene organizacije (ne udruge). Osnovana je kao nevladina, neovisna, nestranačka i neprofitna udruga vrsnih, iskusnih i dokazanih znanstvenika tehničkih i biotehničkih struka.
Od tada pa
do danas na čelu Akademije su se promijenila četiri predsjednika:
akademik Josip Božičević (1993 – 1997), prof. dr. sc. Juraj
Božičević (1997 – 2003), prof. emer. Zlatko Kniewald (2003 – 2009) i
prof. dr. sc. Stanko Tonković (2009 – 2013).
Kategorije članova u Akademiji jesu:
Ø fizičke osobe:
• član Akademije
• suradnik Akademije
• emeritus Akademije
• počasni član Akademije
• međunarodni član Akademije
Ø pravne osobe i fizičke osobe iz pravnih
osoba ili neovisne od pravnih osoba koje podupiru rad Akademije:
• član prijatelj Akademije
• podupirući član Akademije
U temeljne djelatnosti Akademije ubrajaju se istraživanje i razvoj u tehničkim znanostima, rad na projektima od nacionalnog značaja, rad na projektima ministarstava, državnih agencija i gospodarskih subjekata, poticanje i organizacija znanstvenog rada, izrada znanstvenih studija, ekspertiza, elaborata i projekata, raspravljanje i iznošenje stavova o aktualnim pitanjima znanosti i gospodarstva, organizacija znanstvenih skupova, izdavanje publikacija, suradnja s akademijama u zemlji i inozemstvu te prijenos znanja.
Od listopada 2000. godine Akademija je članica Međunarodnog vijeća akademija tehničkih znanosti sa sjedištem u Washingtonu, SAD (CAETS - International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences), a od siječnja 2005. pridružena je članica Europskog vijeća primijenjenih i tehničkih znanosti sa sjedištem u Parizu, Francuska (Euro-CASE - European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering). Od svibnja 2009. godine Akademija je stalna članica Euro-CASE-a kao jedina zemlja članica koja nije član EU!
SLOVENIJA
THE SLOVENIAN ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING ACT
I. Basic provisions
Article 1
The Slovenian Academy of Engineering (henceforth referred to as the IAS) shall be a national institution bringing together elected members representing the technical sciences carried out within the public research sphere, the economy and the technology-development sector.
Article 2
(1) The IAS shall be an autonomous legal entity of public law having its rights, obligations and liabilities regulated by the law, the implementing regulations governing public institutions, this act and the Statute of the IAS.
(2) The founder of the IAS shall be the Republic of Slovenia. The founding rights and obligations shall be implemented by the Government of the Republic of Slovenia (henceforth referred to as the government).
THE STATUTE
OF THE SLOVENIAN ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING
On the basis of the second paragraph of Article 5 of the Slovenian Academy of Engineering Act (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 127/2006), the Slovenian Academy of Engineering adopted, at its Founding Assembly on 10 April 2007, the following:
1. General provisions
Article 1
The Slovenian Academy of Engineering , in Slovenian called the Inženirska akademija Slovenije (abbreviated as IAS), was founded on the proposal of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia with the Slovenian Academy of Engineering Act (the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia,
No. 127/2006). The founding rights and obligations shall be exercised by the Government of the Republic of Slovenia.
Article 2
The Slovenian Academy of Engineering shall be the central national institution in the area of
engineering sciences and disciplines.
Article 3
The IAS shall be an autonomous legal entity of public law having its rights, obligations and liabilities regulated by its instrument of incorporation, as well as by the other acts and regulations relevant to its management and operation. The Government of the Republic of Slovenia shall not be held responsible for the liabilities of the IAS.
The registered office of the IAS is in Ljubljana.
Švedska akademija
IVA is Sweden’s second youngest royal academy at the same time as it is the oldest academy of engineering sciences in the world, formed in 1919.
The reason for its late birth is that the engineering profession did not start to be universally recognised until the end of the 1800s. A need arose at that time to demonstrate the importance of technical research in contrast to the established academic research.
Forerunners to IVA were the Swedish National Federation of Industry (Sveriges Industriförbund), formed in 1910, and the National Board of Trade’s industry division (Kommerskollegiets industribyrå), which began operating in 1912. But it was not until the fuel problems became acute in the middle of the World War I that plans to form an academy of engineering sciences gained momentum.
A crucial and decisive event was when Conservative leader Arvid Lindman suggested to Parliament in a bill in 1916 that a State research institute for power and fuel issues should be created. Parliament reacted favourably and referred the matter in due course to a number of administrative authorities, including the National Board of Trade.
But the Board of Trade’s industry division already had a committee working on the fuel issue, focusing in particular on the use of peat. Independently of Arvid Lindman’s proposal, the committee had come up with the idea of creating a fuel institute.
The head of the industry division was Axel F. Enström. He soon realised that a State-run institute was not the most appropriate format because of possible conflicts with the activities of the State-owned hydropower company Vattenfall. It was also important to expand the institute’s sphere of activities to include engineering sciences research in general.
In view of the above it is easy to see that an academy of
engineering sciences would soon be created. The concrete proposal came in a
letter from the National Board of Trade on 16 March 1918. Parliament gave its
approval.
Then things moved quickly. On 24 October 1919 the Government appointed a
chairman, vice chairman and a president. An academy of engineering sciences was
born
IVA’s first President was the above mentioned Axel F. Enström.
DANSKA
Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (ATV) is an independent institution which
aims at furthering technical and scientific research. ATV also aims at ensuring
the application of research results in order to increase wealth and welfare in
Danish society.
ATV is based on the commitment of its members. The strength of the academy is
the members, who contribute to society through their voluntary work for ATV.
The academy members possess expert knowledge within various subject areas – and
we want to utilise this knowledge in the society that we are part of.
You can see our organisation chart (in Danish) here
The advantage of being an independent organisation is that we can address
significant matters without any political or financial bias. ATV does not
receive direct public funding. It is our financial contributors, especially the
Finance Council, who render possible an academy with a high level of activity.
Since its formation in 1937 ATV has delivered knowledge and analyses about
important topics to Danish society. This concerns contributions to the social
debate as well as scientific publications.
ATV's publications in English can be downloaded here. A complete list of ATV publications since 2007 (all downloadable) can be seen here.
ATV’s current strategy focuses on involvement of the members, communication and future financing.
FINSKA
Technology Academy Finland is an independent foundation promoting scientific research and innovation to develop new technology which is based on humane values and has a positive impact on quality of life, and also forms of cooperation that support such achievements.
We support the adaptation and utilisation of scientific research that includes new technology and we attempt to influence societal change and discussion in areas that fall within the scope of the foundation’s objectives. We award the biennial Millennium Technology Prize.
Every second year, the Technology Academy awards the Millennium Technology Prize, international recognition of technological innovation that improves the quality of human life and promotes sustainable development. We need solutions to global challenges such as the need for clean water and sustainable energy sources, and measures that slow the pace of climate change. Without innovation, success in meeting these challenges will be difficult or impossible to achieve.
Technology Academy Finland (TAF) incorporates the Finnish Academy of Technology (TTA), the Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in Finland (STV) and the Industry Council, whose members represent leading Finnish industrial companies.
One of Technology Academy’s strengths is the tripartite cooperation between industry, governmental organisations and the scientific community and our extensive network in all three sectors. All these sectors are represented in both the Board and the Executive Committee.
Technology Academy Finland (TAF) is a member of CAETS and Euro-CASE and a cooperation partner of the World Economic Forum (WEF)
NORVEŠKA
Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences - NTVA - has the objective of promoting research and education in technology and related sciences in order to benefit Norwegian society and industry.
NTVA
The Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA) is an independent
organization that was founded in 1955. The Academy is a member of the Council
of Academies of Engineering (CAETS) and of the European Council of Applied
Sciences and Engineering (Euro-CASE).
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the Academy are to promote research, education and
development within the fields of technology and the natural sciences
stimulate international cooperation within these fields promote the
understanding of technology and natural sciences among the authorities and the
public to the benefit of Norwegian society and industrial development in
Norway.
MEMBERS
distinguished scientists and industrial leaders in Norway and abroad the total
number of members is 500. There is no membership fee
MAIN ACTIVITIES
the main activities of NTVA are regular meetings for members in Trondheim and
Oslo national and international seminars and symposia
expert studies and workshops on selected topics, development of policy
recommendations international cooperation (CAETS and Euro-CASE)
publications of The Annual Report, Seminar and Project Reports, etc.
FUNDING
NTVA receives contributions to its operations from the Research Council of
Norway, and from a number of industrial companies and research
institutions. The annual budget for normal operation is approximately NOK 2
million.
FRANCUSKA
L'Académie des technologies a été créée le 12 Décembre 2000 à l'initiative de l'Académie des sciences. Celle ci avait mis en place depuis 1982 un Conseil des applications de l'Académie des sciences, organisme paritaire entre scientifiques et applicateurs industriels.
Elle a souhaité que
cet organisme évolue vers une académie de plein exercice, comme il en existe
depuis des décennies dans la plupart des pays développés.
La cérémonie de création a eu lieu dans la grande salle des séances de
l'Institut de France, en présence du Ministre de la Recherche.
Puis la loi de programme pour la recherche n° 2006-450 du 18 avril 2006 a inscrit l’Académie des technologies dans son statut d’établissement public national à caractère administratif, lequel est officiellement créé par le décret n° 2006-1533 du 6 décembre 2006.
L'inauguration officielle de l'Académie, devenue Etablissement Public Administratif, a été faite le 14 mars 2007, à l'occasion de son installation au Grand Palais, en présence de Monsieur Dominique de Villepin, Premier Ministre, et de Monsieur François Goulard, Ministre délégué à l'Enseignement supérieur et à la Recherche.
MAĐARSKA
ABOUT US
The Law 2 of
1989 about the Association has enabled the citizens of Hungary to establish different societies and social associations.
After the change of the regime some of the leading characters of the Hungarian
technical life, who were very much aware of the close interaction between the
level of the industrial technology and the current state of the economy, have
decided to seize the legal opportunities and follow the international examples
by joining the professional elite of the Hungarian engineering and technical
scientific society into an Academy of Engineering thus promoting the
development of the Hungarian economy.
The Hungarian Academy of Engineering (HAE) is a non-profit association of
experts, which was established on the 29th of January, 1990 by 42 founding
members, from the engineering and technical scientific elite of the Hungarian
society. At present HAE has 180 members. In electing new members, covering
every field of technical life and the adequate representational of different
fields are among the basic criteria.
The HAE aims to foster international integration of creative engineering
activities by establishing the constitutional framework and functioning
conditions of an independent national engineering academy in the Hungarian
Republic in such a way, so as to enable the organised co-operation with the
Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS;
Washington), and with the engineering academies of other countries, Hungarian
scientific associations, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Federation of
Technical and Scientific Societies, institutions of higher education, and
research institutions.
The declared aims of the HAE are to serve the Hungarian Republic and the nation
in all fields connected to the development of techniques and technologies, as
this is the basic instrument for social welfare, to act as a forum for
collecting and exchanging information in the fields mentioned, to express its
opinion, and to advise the Parliament, the Government, the Executive Branch of
Government and other appropriate bodies.
In order to fulfil the above-mentioned aims, the HAE organises programs,
competitions, study tours and publishes various printed materials.
HAE became a full member of CAETS in
1995, an associate member of European Council of Applied Sciences and
Engineering (Euro-CASE) in 2000 and full member
of Euro-CASE in 2005.
RUMUNIJA
The Constitutive
Act of The Academy of Technical Sciences was released on the 17th of October
1997 when the 27 founder members decide to create a national level forum, in
which will take part personalities from the engineering domain and which
purpose is to promote the development of the science research, of the
engineering creation and improvement of the engineering education.
On the 11th of December 1997
by the civil decision (rule of court) nr. 1216 of the Bucharest Court, ASTR is
given a juridical personality.
Acording to the ASTR Statute,
the maximum number of members is 201. Now, ASTR has 95 members, of which 55 are
titulary members and 40 corespondent members, their activity is organised in 10
departments.
The ASTR members are
personalities of the scientific life came from the important sectors of the
romanian society: industry, education, research, profesional associations.
Personalities from the international scientific life can be memebers of ASTR.
HOLANDIJA
The Netherlands Academy of Technology and Innovation (AcTI) is the Academy of Engineering of the Netherlands.
AcTI was established in 1986 as the Netherlands Society of Technological Sciences and Engineering NFTW. NFTW was incorporated under the law of the Netherlands as a non-profit association, with legally approved articles of association in 1991. From 2006, the name changed to the Netherlands Academy of Technology and Innovation.
AcTI is member and co-founder (1992) of the European Council of Applied Sciences, Technologies and Engineering. From 1993, the Netherlands Academy of Technology and Innovation is member of the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences, CAETS.
AcTI's permanent secretariat is situated in Amsterdam in the Trippenhuis, the residence of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences KNAW
IRSKA
The Irish Academy of Engineering was founded in May 1997 by The Institution of Engineers of Ireland (now Engineers Ireland), which is the national representative body for the Engineering Profession in Ireland. In setting up The Academy, the Institution was motivated by similar objectives to those of other academies of engineering around the world who saw the need to afford engineering and engineering research an enhanced profile in national affairs. The Academy is an all Ireland body and it performs a valuable role in linking the profession in both jurisdictions on the Island in matters of common interest affecting the Island of Ireland as a whole.
Objective of The Academy
The overall objective of The Academy is "to advance the science and practice of engineering in Ireland and to support the expansion and enhancement of engineering education as an essential element in national development and the enhancement of living standards". The Academy is an independent body with its own governing council. In its formative years the Academy continues to receive support from Engineers Ireland and formal liaison is maintained quarterly at officer level.
VELIKA BRITANIJA
As the UK’s national academy for engineering, we bring together the most successful and talented engineers from across the engineering sectors for a shared purpose: to advance and promote excellence in engineering.
We provide analysis and policy support to promote the UK’s role as a great place from which to do business. We take a lead on engineering education and we invest in the UK’s world class research base to underpin innovation. We work to improve public awareness and understanding of engineering.
We are a national academy with a global outlook and use our international partnerships to ensure that the UK benefits from international networks, expertise and investment.
The Academy’s work programmes for 2011 to 2015 are driven by four strategic challenges, each of which provides a key contribution to a strong and vibrant engineering sector and to the health and wealth of society.
Drive faster and more balanced economic growth
The strategic challenge is to improve the capacity of UK entrepreneurs and enterprises to create innovative products and services, increase wealth and employment and rebalance the economy in favour of productive industry.
Foster better education and skills
The strategic challenge is to create a system of engineering education and training that satisfies the aspirations of young people while delivering the high calibre engineers and technicians that businesses need.
Lead the profession
The strategic challenge is to harness the collective expertise, energy and capacity of the engineering profession to enhance the UK’s economic and social development.
Promote engineering at the heart of society
The strategic challenge is to improve public understanding of engineering, increase awareness of how engineering impacts on lives and increase public recognition for our most talented engineers.
Zaglavlje kraljevske povelje:
ELIZABETH THE SECOND
by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Our other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith:
NEMAČKA
acatech - the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -
represents the interests of the German scientific and technological
communities, at home and abroad. It is autonomous, independent and a non-profit
organisation. As a working academy, acatech supports policy-makers and society,
providing qualified technical evaluations and forward looking recommendations.
Moreover, acatech is determined to support knowledge transfer between science
and industry, and encourage the next generation of engineers.
acatech works to promote sustainable growth through innovation. Its work
focuses on four core areas:
ČESKA
About
Us
Engineering Academy of the Czech Republic, os (IA CR) is a nonprofit organization
- selective association of
natural persons. Founded 7th February 1995, the
Interior Ministry registration no. II/S-0S/1-24597/94-R.
The primary objective is to support the
CR IA engineering
and technical education, building bridges between research and implementation community and contribute to increasing the competitiveness
of Czech economy. IA CR through its executive
bodies and professional section provides the public with the expertise of its members in the form of expert advice and
skužeb universities, governmental and non-governmental institutions and the wider public,
expresses serious technical problems
with the development of national
research infrastructure and works
to improve legislation, research, development and innovation.
CR IA also
organizes seminars and conferences, publishes professional
publications and periodicals and
conducts its own research in the
field of technology transfer and innovation.
In 1999, IA became
a full member CR CAETS (International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences), is also an active member of Euro-CASE (European Council of Applied
Sciences and Engineering).
In 2001, IA has
established a specialized department
Republic Czech Knowledge
Transfer Office, whose main mission is to actively contribute
to the utilization of knowledge, skills and other R & D results in industry and in particular in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to evaluate the competitiveness
for growth the national economy.
RUMUNIJA
The Constitutive Act
of The Academy of Technical Sciences was released on the 17th of October 1997
when the 27 founder members decide to create a national level forum, in which
will take part personalities from the engineering domain and which purpose is
to promote the development of the science research, of the engineering creation
and improvement of the engineering education.
On the 11th of December 1997 by the civil decision (rule
of court) nr. 1216 of the Bucharest Court, ASTR is given a juridical
personality.
Acording to the ASTR Statute, the maximum number of
members is 201. Now, ASTR has 95 members, of which 55 are titulary members and
40 corespondent members, their activity is organised in 10 departments.
The ASTR members are personalities of the scientific
life came from the important sectors of the romanian society: industry,
education, research, profesional associations. Personalities from the
international scientific life can be memebers of ASTR.
ITALIJA
Mission
Founded in Milan in 1897, FAST, the Italian Federation of the Scientific and
Technical Associations, is an independent non profit organisation, legally
recognized by Law of October 30th 1995 by the Minister of Scientific and
Technological Research and Universities, operating on national and
international level, directly, or through its associated organisations and
dedicated to:
- offer customized services to industry and public administration;
- favour the Italian participation in European Research and Technology
Programmes and their dissemination;
- plan and carry out initiatives regarding advanced training and professional
schooling;
- deepen knowledge in the field of research policy and of tecnological
development;
- promote cultural debate, information and scientific dissemination;
The activities are conducted in the FAST Congress Center in the heart of Milan.
The Federation brings together, the most qualified and representative
scientific and technical associations in Italy totalling over 50.000 members.
The list of the federal associations is visible on the home page (Associazioni
federate).
These can be individuals, such as executives, tecnicians, researchers in
industry, universities, representatives of self-employed professions as well as
corporations, institutions and organisations of various legal nature.
FOIST, the foundation in favour of the development and diffusion of instruction
and of scientific and tecnic culture, acknowledged by law of the President of
the Republic of Italy on the 25th January 1965 n°86, is a direct spin-off of
FAST.
The Foundation mission is to support the development of scientific and
technical education and the diffusion of scientific knowledge.
ŠVAJCARSKA
Organisation
SATW is a non-commercial, politically independent umbrella organisation bringing together people, institutions and specialist companies in Switzerland that are active in the application and promotion of the engineering sciences.
Outstanding experts
SATW has around 240 individual
members and 60 member organisations. Individual members are eminent figures
from the fields of education, research, commerce and industry and politics.
They are appointed for life. Specialist Swiss organisations serving the
engineering sciences can apply to become member organisations of SATW. Member
organisations pay an annual subscription and can apply to the Academy for
grants for specific engineering projects and events.
Contracted by the Federal
Government to provide services
The SATW is contracted by the
Federal Government to identify opportunities and challenges posed by new
technologies at an early stage and to bring these to the public's attention. A
key mandate includes raising interest in and promoting understanding of
technology among the population. The SATW and its three sister academies SAGW,
SAMW and SCNAT are recognised as scientific institutions under Federal research
law. Around 80% of the SATW's funding (approximately CHF 1.8 million a year)
comes from the Federal Government.
The Academy has the legal form of an association. Basically members of the SATW bodies work on a voluntary basis. The highest body in SATW is the assembly of members. Individual members and representatives of the member organisations have the right to vote and stand for election.